Table 2. Median (5th– 95th percentile) values of serum biomarkers of tryptophan, kynurenines and neopterin in pancreatic cancer cases and control subjects, the Shanghai Cohort Study and the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
| Shanghai cohort | Singapore cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkera | Controls | Cases | Pb | Controls | Cases | Pb |
| PLP, nmol/L | 25.7 (10.0–91.7) | 21.7 (8.94–60.0) | 0.01 | 58.1 (20.8–563.0) | 50.6 (23.8–465.0) | 0.29 |
| Tryptophan, μmol/L | 76.5 (57.9–100.5) | 74.4 (60.0–105.7) | 0.71 | 69.3 (54.3–95.6) | 70.3 (46.5–95.3) | 0.67 |
| Kynurenine, μmol/L | 1.54 (1.15–2.10) | 1.54 (1.14–2.01) | 0.40 | 1.62 (1.12–2.38) | 1.66 (1.02–2.19) | 0.85 |
| Anthranilic acid, nmol/L | 17.7 (10.8–47.7) | 18.5 (10.6–89.8) | 0.33 | 21.8 (12.6–55.8) | 21.0 (13.1–54.3) | 0.59 |
| KA, nmol/L | 55.3 (28.2–107.0) | 51.6 (22.8–101.0) | 0.49 | 57.7 (28.1–130.0) | 52.1 (31.0–156.0) | 0.39 |
| HK, nmol/Lc | 45.7 (28.1–80.2) | 44.3 (25.2–86.4) | 0.72 | 47.8 (29.8–74.1) | 44.2 (27.0–70.7) | 0.22 |
| XA, nmol/L | 17.7 (8.4–33.1) | 17.4 (6.36–39.1) | 0.98 | 17.2 (8.28–32.4) | 14.6 (8.74–30.3) | 0.09 |
| HAA, nmol/Lc | 37.0 (16.6–66.3) | 35.6 (15.9–68.7) | 0.16 | 42.7 (25.2–69.9) | 37.6 (23.8–76.5) | 0.046 |
| KA:HK ratio | 1.16 (0.602–2.13) | 1.13 (0.649–2.11) | 0.57 | 1.19 (0.736–2.40) | 1.18 (0.741–2.36) | 0.66 |
| XA:HK ratio | 0.389 (0.194–0.640) | 0.391 (0.183–0.753) | 0.93 | 0.363 (0.228–0.591) | 0.345 (0.167–0.623) | 0.31 |
| HAA:HK ratio | 0.825 (0.389–1.31) | 0.756 (0.313–1.49) | 0.12 | 0.940 (0.544–1.51) | 0.856 (0.457–1.49) | 0.39 |
| KTR (x 100) | 2.04 (1.52–2.92) | 2.02 (1.49–2.78) | 0.36 | 2.30 (1.57–3.54) | 2.24 (1.63–3.57) | 0.88 |
| Neopterin, nmol/Lc | 14.3 (8.77–24.6) | 13.2 (12.8–14.2) | 0.04 | 24.7 (16.0–39.0) | 26.6 (16.1–42.2) | 0.33 |
| Cotinine, nmol/L | 87.5 (1.51–1620.0) | 518.0 (1.79–1500.0) | 0.005 | 1.60 (0–848.0) | 2.33 (0–1280.0) | 0.28 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 92.7 (65.7–106.5) | 93.3 (7.83–23.3) | 0.33 | 77.2 (45.6–99.8) | 76.8 (44.2–106.9) | 0.81 |
a Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HAA, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; HK, 3-hydroxykynurenine; KA, kynurenic acid; KTR, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio; PLP, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate; XA, xanthurenic acid.
b 2-sided P values were based on the Mann-Whitney test.
c 13 cases and 4 controls were excluded from the present analysis due to missing values for HK, HAA, and neopterin from the Shanghai cohort