Table 2.
PD clinical characteristics and PD-associated symptoms/comorbidities
| LCIG (n = 53) | CSAI (n = 19) | SOC (n = 54) | p value*,** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at PD diagnosis (years), mean ± SD, (range) | 53.89 ± 9.1 (32–72) | 52.42 ± 6.9 (40–62) | 56.74 ± 9.4 (33–76) |
0.524* 0.113** |
| PD duration (years), mean ± SD, (range) | 16.38 ± 5.8 (7–33) | 13.58 ± 4.1 (8–21) | 12.83 ± 5.1 (4–35) |
0.085* 0.0003** |
| Age at onset of motor fluctuations (years), mean ± SD, (range) | 61.91 ± 8.8 (37–78) | 60.53 ± 5.9 (52–72) | 64.35 ± 9.4 (40–86) |
0.529* 0.168** |
| Duration of motor fluctuations (years), mean ± SD, (range) | 8.36 ± 4.8 (1–26) | 5.47 ± 3.5 (2–14) | 5.22 ± 4.1 (1–25) |
0.0099* < 0.000**1 |
| Duration of motor fluctuations (h/day), mean ± SD, (range) | 2.69 ± 2.5 (0–11) | 2.79 ± 1.5 (0–5) | 5.42 ± 2.6 (1–14) |
0.362* < 0.0001** |
| Duration of OFF periods (h/day), mean ± SD, (range) | 1.38 ± 1.5 (0–6) | 2.32 ± 1.7 (0–8) | 5.47 ± 2.2 (3–12) |
0.009* < 0.0001** |
| Duration of dyskinesia (h/day), mean ± SD, (range) | 2.92 ± 3 (0–12) | 2.79 ± 2 (0–8) | 2.85 ± 3 (0–12) |
0.5424* 0.7358** |
| UPDRS-IV Item 39, N (%) | ||||
| Not present | 6 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 0 |
0.037* < 0.001** |
| 1–25% | 37 (70%) | 8 (42%) | 9 (17%) | |
| 26–50% | 9 (17%) | 8 (42%) | 36 (67%) | |
| 51–75% | 1 (2%) | 2 (11%) | 8 (15%) | |
| 76–100% | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| Hoehn & Yahr in OFF, N (%) |
0.121* 0.039** |
|||
| 1 | 1 (2%) | 0 | 0 | |
| 1.5 | 2 (4%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| 2 | 5 (9%) | 2 (11%) | 0 | |
| 2.5 | 17 (32%) | 13 (68%) | 10 (19%) | |
| 3 | 21 (40%) | 3 (16%) | 35 (65%) | |
| 4 | 7 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 8 (15%) | |
| PD-associated symptoms N (%) | 98% | 100% | 100% |
0.547* 0.311** |
| Falls | 28 (54%) | 11 (58%) | 31 (57%) |
0.704* 0.364** |
| Confusion | 18 (35%) | 9 (47%) | 17 (31%) |
0.300* 0.784** |
| Forgetfulness | 17 (33%) | 7 (37%) | 18 (33%) |
0.705* 0.890** |
| Bladder control problems | 26 (50%) | 10 (53%) | 27 (50%) |
0.789* 0.922** |
| Increased sweating | 26 (50%) | 12 (63%) | 22 (41%) |
0.291* 0.397** |
| Sexual disturbances | 10 (19%) | 10 (53%) | 20 (37%) |
0.005* 0.036** |
| Apathy | 14 (27%) | 9 (47%) | 16 (30%) |
0.093* 0.711** |
| Having felt sad or in a depressed mood for longer than 2 weeks | 13 (25%) | 5 (26%) | 14 (26%) |
0.877* 0.868** |
| Hallucinations | 10 (19%) | 2 (11%) | 11 (20%) |
0.403* 0.845** |
| Anxiety | 22 (42%) | 12 (63%) | 32 (59%) |
0.105* 0.066** |
| Cognitive function decline | 19 (37%) | 4 (21%) | 16 (30%) |
0.235* 0.493** |
| Sleep disturbances | 29 (56%) | 11 (58%) | 35 (65%) |
0.811* 0.287** |
| Impulse control disorders | 4 (8%) | 4 (21%) | 8 (15%) |
0.108* 0.234** |
| Fatigue | 31 (60%) | 15 (79%) | 34 (63%) |
0.111* 0.636** |
*LCIG vs CSAI; **LCIG vs SOC; NA, not available