Table 3.

Plasma proteins associated with plasma log₂ lutein/zeaxanthin in 6–8 year old children of rural Nepal (n = 500).^a

Gene Name	Gene Symbol	nb	r	R2	p	q	b1c	gi Accession Numberd
Apolipoprotein C-III	APOC3	500	0.59	0.34	9.15 × 10−5	5.12 × 10−2	25.4	4557323
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3	ITIH3	500	−0.58	0.34	1.21 × 10−4	5.12 × 10−2	−28.2	133925809
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A	HSPA1A	119	0.51	0.26	1.61 × 10−4	5.43 × 10−2	69.9	194248072
Collagen, type V, alpha 1	COL5A1	56	0.59	0.35	3.57 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	101.3	89276751
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2	MCM2	119	−0.64	0.41	4.95 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	−31.8	33356547
TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	TNIP1	388	−0.6	0.36	5.43 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	−22.4	116256481
CD14 molecule	CD14	500	−0.58	0.34	5.57 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	−37.7	4557417
Carnosine dipeptidase 1 (metallopeptidase M20 family)	CNDP1	500	0.58	0.34	6.12 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	16.8	21071039
Interferon-related developmental regulator 2	IFRD2	486	0.59	0.35	6.47 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	27.8	197333755
Apolipoprotein A-I	APOA1	500	0.58	0.34	6.48 × 10−4	8.40 × 10−2	43.3	4557321
Proteoglycan 4	PRG4	403	0.6	0.36	7.84 × 10−4	9.44 × 10−2	46.7	189181724

^aEleven proteins quantified by mass spectrometry and estimated by linear mixed effects (LME) modelling in >10% of the samples (50 < n ≤ 500) that are correlated with plasma log₂ lutein/zeaxanthin, subjected to a false discovery rate (FDR) cutoff of 10% (q < 0.10), and listed in increasing order of q, defined as candidate protein biomarkers for a plasma proteome of lutein/zeaxanthin.

^bn represents the number of child plasma samples in which a protein was detected and quantified by iTRAQ MS.

^cb₁ represents the percent change in plasma lutein/zeaxanthin, (in μmol/L) per 2-fold (100%) increase in protein relative abundance.

^dGenInfo Identifier sequence number, as assigned to all nucleotide and protein sequences by the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.