. 2017 Dec 28;47(3):663–677. doi: 10.1007/s10936-017-9552-5

Table 3.

Results of the normative studies on the experimental stimuli

Text	Modality	Raters	Sadness
Polish texts	Visual	Polish native speakers	$M = 4.5, SE = . 01$
Polish texts	Auditory	Polish native speakers	$M = 4.66, SE = . 11$
English texts	Visual	English native speakers	$M = 4.27, SE = . 01$
	Auditory	English native speakers	$M = 4.49, SE = . 10$
	Visual	Polish native speakers, L2 learners of English	$M = 4.28, SE = . 10$
	Auditory	Polish native speakers, L2 learners of English	$M = 4.73, SE = . 10$