Table 1.

Human stem cells models of thermogenic adipocytes and their potential applications.

Method	Cell of origin	Thermogenic adipocyte	Drug screening	Cell therapy*	Disease Modelling	Examining Development
Directed Differentiation	hPSC[25–28]	Brown or Beige	Yes, not described	Yes	Yes, not described	Yes
	hASC/pre-adipocyte[29–33, 39–40]	Brown or Beige	Yes, not described	Yes	Yes, not described	Yes
Ectopic Expression of Transcription Factors	Forward Programming[41] (hPSC)	Beige	Yes	No	Unclear	No
	Re-programming[42] (fibroblast)	?	Yes, not described	No	Unclear	No

^*The utility in “cell therapy” is listed as “yes”, if it has been demonstrated in animal models and has the potential to be used clinically.