Table 4. Sex differences in CASES empathy scores with means, SDs, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d).
| Scales (# items) | Males (n = 448) | Females (n = 412) | T | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 35.38(12.58) | 38.79(11.56) | 4.13 | .000 | .28 |
| Positive (15) | 18.67(6.65) | 19.76(5.93) | 2.56 | .011 | .17 |
| Negative (15) | 16.71(6.55) | 19.02(6.22) | 5.30 | .000 | .36 |
| Cognitive (10) | 11.99(4.96) | 12.81(4.56) | 2.49 | .013 | .17 |
| Affective (10) | 13.03(4.34) | 14.40(4.07) | 4.77 | .000 | .33 |
| Somatic (10) | 10.36(4.67) | 11.59(4.46) | 3.94 | .000 | .27 |
Total, total empathy scale; Positive, positive empathy scale; Negative, negative empathy scale; Cognitive, cognitive empathy scale; Affective, affective empathy scale; Somatic, somatic empathy scale.