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. 2018 Apr 13;50(4):27. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0056-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, and provide a link to the Creative Commons license. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Scatter plot of circRNA expression. The circRNAs above the top green line and below the bottom green line indicated more than a twofold change between the degenerated and normal IVD NP tissues. b Volcano Plot of the differentially expressed circRNAs. The red points in the plot represent differentially expressed circRNAs with statistical significance. c Hierarchical clustering shows the distinguishable circRNA expression profile between the two groups and homogeneity within the groups. d The sequence of the amplified Circ-4099 product was completely consistent with CircBase. e Co-localization between circ-4099 (red) and miR-616-5p (green) was observed by RNA in situ hybridization in hNP cells after co-transfection with circ-4099-expressing and miR-616-5p-expressing vectors. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 10 µm. f The expression levels of circ-4099 are significantly higher in degenerated NP tissues than in non-degenerated NP tissues. g–i The expression levels of circ-68610/2069/92328 are higher in degenerated NP tissues than in non-degenerated NP tissues. j qRT-PCR analysis shows that TNF-α upregulates the expression of circ-4099 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. For time-dependent studies, 50 ng/ml TNF-α was used. k hNP cells were transfected with the circ-4099-Luc promoter and the induction in luciferase activity was measured following TNF-α treatment (P < 0.001)