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. 2018 Apr 20;50(4):41. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0062-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, and provide a link to the Creative Commons license. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a, d A Boyden chamber assay was used to evaluate the effect of different induced membranes on EPC migration. Migrated cells were stained with crystal violet and quantitated in five randomly selected fields (scale bar: 20 μm). b, e An in vitro angiogenesis assay was used to investigate the effects of the different induced membranes on EPC neovascularization. Representative photomicrographs and quantitative data showed the number of branch points in treated EPCs (scale bar: 50 μm). c, f The invasive properties of EPCs treated with the different induced membrane proteins were evaluated in an invasion assay. Invasive cells were stained with DAPI and quantitated in five randomly selected fields (scale bar: 50 μm). The data in the figures represent averages ± S.D. Significant differences between the different groups are indicated as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the corresponding groups in the saline-treated induced membrane in the subcutaneous site; ^##P < 0.01, compared with saline-treated induced membrane in the femoral defect site; for each group, n = 5