Table 1.
Uniaxial failure testing methods and clamp failure data for arterial tissue from representative published work
| Study | Species | Tissue | Sample shape | Unclamped sample size (mm) | Clamping method | Quantity failed at clamp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claes et al. [7] | Human | Coronary artery | Rectangle | 7 × 1 | Grip with cyanoacrylate glue | NF |
| Holzapfel et al. [8] | Human | Coronary artery | Rectangle | (7.21±1.21) ×(2.81±0.38) | Sandpaper with super-adhesive gel | Majority |
| Pichamuthu et al. [9] | Human | Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm | Rectangle | NF | Sandpaper with cyanoacrylate glue | 8.4% (15 out of 178)a |
| Raghavan et al. [10] | Human | Abdominal aortic aneurysm | Rectangle | 40 × 10 | Uneven clamp with glue | 11.4% (10 out of 88)a |
| Raghavan et al. [11] | Human | Abdominal aortic aneurysm | Rectangle | Width: 4 | NF | 22% (32 out of 145) |
| Robertson et al. [12] | Human | Aneurysm, basilar and carotid artery | Rectangle | Minimum: 5 × 4 | Clamp with fine-grade sandpaper | NF |
| Teng et al. [13] | Human | Atherosclerotic carotid artery | Rectangle | (9∼15) × 2 | Rubber coated grips with sandpaper using super glue | 37% (27 out of 73) |
| Vorp et al. [14] | Human | Aortic tissue | Rectangle | 30 × 8 | Clamp with cyanoacrylate glue | NF |
| Ferrara et al. [15] | Human | Dilated ascending aorta | Dogbone | NF | Fine grit sandpaper with super-adhesive gel | 39% (160 out of 407)b |
| Forsell et al. [16] | Human | Abdominal aortic aneurysm | Bone | Length: 10∼27 (neck: 4) | Sandpaper with super-adhesive glue | 20% (3 out of 15) |
| García-Herrera et al. [17] | Human | Ascending aortic tissue | Dogbone | 18 × 5 (neck: 2) | Grip with cyanoacrylate glue | NF |
| Mohan and Melvin [18] | Human | Midthoracic descending aorta | Dumbbell | 57.15 × 19.05 (neck: 6.35) 31.23 × 12.7 (neck:4.57) | Low-mass air-piston grips | 5.3% (2 out of 38)a |
| Okamoto et al. [19] | Human | Dilated ascending aorta | Dumbbell | 35 × 10 (neck: 4) | Sandpaper | NF |
| Korenczuk et al [20] | Porcine | Abdominal aorta | Dogbone | 10 × 5 (neck: 3) | NF | NF |
| Stemper et al. [21] | Porcine | Aorta | I-shaped | NF | NF | NF |
| Shah et al. [22] | Swine | Ascending thoracic aorta | Dogbone | 20 × 5 | NF | 28% |
Failure location was frequently not found (NF) in the publication. In some cases, clamp failure was reported in a group with other testing artifacts.
These cases are denoted by
a
Failed at clamp or slipped from grips.
b
Failed near clamp, slipped from grips, or, as reported by authors, data not included because of low quality of the stress--strain curve.