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. 2018 May 1;9:852. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00852

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Copyright © 2018 Uyaguari-Díaz, Croxen, Luo, Cronin, Chan, Baticados, Nesbitt, Li, Miller, Dooley, Hsiao, Isaac-Renton, Tang and Prystajecky.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gene copy numbers of antibiotic resistance genes, integrase gene classes 1, 2, and 3, and 16S rRNA gene per ml of environmental water sample over time in the different locations. AUP, agricultural upstream site; APL, agricultural polluted; ADS, agricultural downstream; UPL, urban polluted; UDS, urban downstream; PUP, protected upstream; PDS, protected downstream. Red dotted lines represent means for a specific time point. Number on the lower right represents p-value from the PROC mixed with repeated measures. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level.