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. 2018 May 1;9:263. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00263

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Copyright © 2018 Guan, Wang, Li, Ding, Li, Xu, Wang, Chen, Yang, Long, Cai, Zhang, Liang, Dong, Zhao, Zhang, Sun and Lu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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STS reduced the numbers of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in the CS-induced COPD in mice. Three months after CS inhalation, lung tissues and BALF was collected. (A) The total cells in BALF were calculated. (B) The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissues were analyzed by Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). (C,D) The relative protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissues were analyzed by ELISA. (E) Immunohistochemical staining of IL-1β-positive cells in the lungs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6, ^∗P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01.