Fig. 2. Iron overload caused the reduction of ATP via upregulating ROS levels and inhibiting ETC II/III activity in MSCs.

a Concentrations of ATP were measured by microplate reader in MSCs after incubation with different concentrations of FAC at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. b–d Concentrations of ATP were measured in MSCs with iron overload after adding DFO, NAC or Catalase at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. e, f The activity of ETC II/III was detected by microplate reader in MSCs before and after adding FAC, FAC + DFO, FAC + NAC or FAC + Catalase. The results were presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. ***p ≤ 0.001