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. 2018 Apr 16;115(18):4631–4636. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704543115

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Cell spreading is affected by the surface energy on elastomer substrates of different stiffness. (A) Morphology of hBMSCs on functionalized substrates seeded at 5,000 cells per square centimeter after 24-h culture on PDMS and PEO-PDMS substrates of different stiffness (soft, 0.07–0.10 kPa; stiff, 2.15–2.40 MPa). Cells were immunostained with an antibody against vinculin (red), Alexa-488 phalloidin (green), and DAPI (blue). (Upper row scale bar, 100 μm; Lower row scale bar, 20 μm.) Images of cells on stiff substrates were reported from our previous publication (12). (B) Attachment of hBMSCs on PDMS and PEO-PDMS substrates when seeded at 25,000 cells per square centimeter after 1-h culture (n = 3). Data on stiff substrates were reported from our previous publication (12). (C) hBMSCs spreading area on PDMS and PEO-PDMS when seeded at 5,000 cells per square centimeter after 24-h culture (n = 4; number of cells ≥2,400). Data on stiff substrates were taken from our previous publication (12). Data are represented as mean ± SD. Significance is indicated for P ≤ 0.05 (***P ≤ 0 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001).