Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 Jan 22;27(4):438–445. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0689

Table 4.

Post-diagnostic fish and seafood intake after diagnosis in relation to cancer recurrence and mortality among 1,011 stage III colon cancer patients

Dark meat fish (3–5 oz.)a Ptrendb
Never <1/month 1–3/month ≥1/week
Disease-free survivalc
 Events 134 62 115 75
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.77 (0.57–1.04) 0.77 (0.60–0.99) 0.63 (0.47–0.84) 0.003
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.74 (0.55–1.00) 0.79 (0.61–1.02) 0.65 (0.48–0.87) 0.007
Overall survival
 Events 109 46 90 60
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.81 (0.57–1.15) 0.69 (0.51–0.94) 0.65 (0.46–0.91) 0.01
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.76 (0.53–1.09) 0.69 (0.51–0.95) 0.68 (0.48–0.96) 0.04
Canned Tuna Fish (3–4 oz.)
<1/month 1–3/month 1/week >1/week
Disease-free survivalb
 Events 85 113 127 61
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 1.07 (0.81–1.42) 1.12 (0.85–1.48) 1.34 (0.96–1.88) 0.08
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 1.06 (0.80–1.41) 1.12 (0.85–1.48) 1.33 (0.95–1.86) 0.09
Overall survival
 Events 71 86 101 47
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.91 (0.65–1.27) 0.99 (0.71–1.36) 1.17 (0.78–1.75) 0.37
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.90 (0.64–1.26) 1.02 (0.73–1.41) 1.23 (0.82–1.84) 0.23
Other fish (3–5 oz.)
Never <1/month 1–3/month ≥1/week
Disease-free survival b
 Events 72 52 134 128
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.80 (0.56–1.14) 0.86 (0.64–1.14) 0.92 (0.69–1.23) 0.83
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.78 (0.55–1.12) 0.83 (0.62–1.12) 0.86 (0.64–1.16) 0.54
Overall survival
 Events 58 40 103 104
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.98 (0.64–1.50) 0.91 (0.64–1.31) 1.03 (0.72–1.48) 0.87
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.95 (0.62–1.46) 0.86 (0.60–1.24) 1.03 (0.71–1.48) 0.86
Breaded fish cakes, pieces, or sticks (1 serving, store bought)
Never <1/month 1–3/month ≥1/week
Disease-free survivalb
 Events 168 58 110 50
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.81 (0.60–1.10) 1.10 (0.87–1.40) 1.16 (0.84–1.60) 0.18
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.77 (0.57–1.04) 1.05 (0.82–1.35) 1.10 (0.79–1.53) 0.35
Overall survival
 Events 136 43 82 44
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.88 (0.62–1.25) 1.09 (0.81–1.45) 1.10 (0.74–1.62) 0.45
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.81 (0.57–1.16) 1.05 (0.78–1.41) 1.10 (0.74–1.64) 0.47
Shrimp, lobster, scallops, clams as a main dish (1 serving)
Never <1/month 1–3/month ≥1/week
Disease-free survivalb
 Events 95 55 147 89
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.84 (0.60–1.17) 1.10 (0.85–1.43) 1.08 (0.81–1.45) 0.38
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.80 (0.57–1.12) 1.05 (0.81–1.37) 1.02 (0.76–1.38) 0.63
Overall survival
 Events 79 44 112 70
 Model 1 HR (95% CI)d 1.0 0.95 (0.65–1.39) 1.03 (0.75–1.41) 1.05 (0.74–1.50) 0.75
 Model 2 HR (95% CI)e 1.0 0.92 (0.62–1.35) 0.97 (0.70–1.33) 1.04 (0.73–1.50) 0.87
a

Examples of dark meat fish included on the food frequency questionnaire included mackerel, salmon, sardines, bluefish, swordfish.

b

Ptrend calculated by modeling the median of each category as a continuous term.

c

Disease-free survival = time from the baseline food frequency questionnaire to tumor recurrence, occurrence of a new primary colon tumor, or death from any cause, whichever came first.

d

Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake.

e

Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus T-stage, number of positive lymph nodes, baseline performance status, treatment arm, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and aspirin use.