Table 3.
Epilepsy syndromes or the etiology of epilepsy in the patients with cognitive impairment (mild, moderate, severe/profound, N = 101)
| Epilepsy and epileptic syndromes | Number |
|---|---|
| Ohtahara syndrome | 1 |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | |
| West syndrome | 21a |
| 2 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies 5 chromosomal anomaly or syndrome 3 tuberous sclerosis complex | |
| 5 structural anomalies | |
| 1 perinatal insult and 1 congenital hyperinsulinism 5 unknown etiologies | |
| Myoclonic epilepsy of infancy | 1 |
| Genetic febrile seizures plus | 1 |
| Epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures | 1 |
| Eyelid myoclonia | 1 |
| Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep | 2 |
| 1 unknown etiology and 1 chromosomal anomaly | |
| Landau‐Kleffner syndrome | 1 |
| Gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma | 1 |
| Epilepsy with malformations of cortical and brain development | 16 |
| 3 focal cortical dysplasias 1 schizencephalia | |
| 3 porencephalia/holoprosencephalies | |
| 9 corpus callosum hypoplasia/aplasias or other structural anomalies | |
| Epilepsy with tumor | 1 |
| 1 Glioma | 1 |
| Epilepsy with infection | 4 |
| 2 congenital infections | |
| 1 meningitis and 1 encephalitis | |
| Epilepsy with trauma | 2 |
| 1 traumatic brain injury and 1 near‐drowning | |
| Epilepsy with perinatal insult | 15 |
| 2 birth asphyxias | |
| 5 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathies 1 cerebral infarction | |
| 7 cases of intracerebral bleeding | |
| Epilepsy with stroke | 1 |
| 1 case of cerebral bleeding | |
| Epilepsy with metabolic reason | 4b |
| 2 cases of congenital hyperinsulinism | |
| 1 Glut1‐deficiency syndrome and 1 3‐methylglutaric aciduria | |
| Epilepsy with chromosomal anomalies and syndromes | 17c |
| 5 chromosomal anomalies | |
| 3 Catch syndromes | |
| 2 fragile‐X syndromes | |
| 1 Peho syndrome | |
| 1 Angelmann syndrome and 1 Aicardi syndrome 1 Rett syndrome and 1 Masa syndrome | |
| 1 Coats syndrome and 1 Sotos syndrome | |
| Focal epilepsy and developmental delay | 8 |
| Generalized epilepsy and developmental delay | 2 |
| Unclassified epilepsy and epilepsy of unknown etiology | 1 |
| Total | 101 |
Of all the children with epilepsy, cognitive impairment was seen in 101 out of 289, or 35%.
a
The West syndrome group includes patients from other groups such as those with epilepsy with malformation in cortical and brain development, chromosomal anomalies and syndromes, perinatal insult, and metabolic reasons.
b
The West syndrome group includes one congenital‐hyperinsulinism patient.
c
The West syndrome group includes one Peho‐syndrome patient.