Functional units of the kidney, liver, heart, and lung. The nephron (a), liver sinusoid (b), and alveolus (d), are considered the functional units of the kidney, liver, and lung, respectively. The heart contains distinct epicardial, myocardial, and endocardial layers that each contribute to its function (c). Figures adapted from Bussolati and Camussi (a),[18] Gordillo et al. (b),[19] Laizzo (c),[20] and Desai et al. (d).[21]