Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 8.
Published in final edited form as: MRS Commun. 2017 Jul 31;7(3):332–347. doi: 10.1557/mrc.2017.58

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Hydrogel casting and molding of organ functional units. By subtractive casting, Weber et al. formed linear channels in a collagen I gel lined with human proximal tubule epithelial cells with high viability (a, figure adapted from Weber et al.[5]). Our group has utilized stamping to form a 3D peritubular vascular network in collagen I containing human kidney microvascular endothelial cells (b, adapted from Ligresti et al.[115]). The InVERT molding strategy developed by Stevens et al. allows multiple hepatic subtypes to be cultured with spatial and geometric control (c, figure adapted from Stevens et al.[32]). By bulk molding, Lee et al. created centimeter-scale cardiac organoid chambers that had low levels of pump function (d, figure adapted from Lee et al.[112]). Highly vascularized 3D cardiac tissues were created by the Radisic group using a stamping and layering technique (e, figure adapted from Zhang et al.[111]).