Figure 2.

NGA suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption in mouse BMMs in vitro. Mouse BMMs were seeded onto bovine bone slices and treated in the presence of 30 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml RANKL, as well as increasing concentrations of NGA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 μg/ml) for 6 days, until mature (multinucleated) osteoclasts formed. (A) Representative images of the areas of bone resorption area after being treated with increasing doses of NGA. The resorption pits were photographed under a scanning electron microscope (magnification ×400). (B) The percentage of the resorbed area of bone, after being treated with NGA, compared with the 0 μg/ml treatment group (t-test), * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01, respectively.