TGF-β1 downregulates PTX3 expression in SVOG cells. (A) SVOG cells were treated for 24 hours with vehicle control or different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1, and PTX3 mRNA levels were examined using RT-qPCR. (B) SVOG cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours, and PTX3 mRNA levels were examined using RT-qPCR. (C) SVOG cells were treated with vehicle control or different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1, and PTX3 accumulation in conditioned medium was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. SVOG cells were treated for 24 hours with vehicle control or different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1, and (D) mRNA levels of StAR (positive control) and (E) CYP11A1 (negative control) were examined using RT-qPCR. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of at least three independent experiments; lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).