TGF-β1 downregulates PTX3 expression in KGN and primary hGL cells. (A) KGN cells were treated for 24 hours with vehicle control or different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1, and PTX3 mRNA levels were examined using RT-qPCR. (B) KGN cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours, and PTX3 mRNA levels were examined using RT-qPCR. Primary hGL cells were treated for 24 hours with vehicle control or different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1, and (C) PTX3 mRNA and (D) PTX3 accumulation levels were examined using RT-qPCR and an enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of at least three independent experiments; lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).