Table 3.

Associations Between Maternal History of Childhood Adversity and Next-Generation Youth Smoking

	Youth smokers vs. nonsmokers and adult initiators (N = 6596)
	aRR a (95% CI)	Wald p value for interaction by race/ ethnicity
Physical abuse	1.20 (1.10, 1.32)***	.22
Household alcohol abuse	1.17 (1.08, 1.27)***	.70
Household mental illness	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	.30

aRR = adjusted risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.

***p < .001.

^aLog-linear regressions adjusted for mothers’ education, growing up in the south, growing up in an urban area, being born outside the United States, birth decade, and race/ethnicity.