Table 1.
Multivariable Analysis of Risk Factors for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, or Multispecies Malaria Infection in Children at Baseline
| Species | Variable | Category | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. falciparum | Age, y | <2 | 1.00 | … | … |
| 2–4 | 1.81 | 1.27–2.57 | .001 | ||
| 4–6 | 2.71 | 1.70–4.32 | <.0001 | ||
| Village | Bugoigo | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Walukuba | 0.89 | .53–1.50 | .67 | ||
| Piida | 1.09 | .63–1.90 | .76 | ||
| Bugoto | 2.12 | 1.25–3.57 | .005 | ||
| Bukoba | 4.01 | 2.21–7.29 | <.0001 | ||
| Lwanika | 2.11 | 1.12–3.97 | .02 | ||
| P. malariae | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 7.32 | 2.10–25.52 | .002 | ||
| P. ovale spp. | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 8.24 | .96–70.62 | .054 | ||
| P. malariae | Age, y | <2 | 1.00 | … | … |
| 2–4 | 6.13 | 2.49–15.09 | <.0001 | ||
| 4–6 | 14.82 | 5.20–42.25 | <.0001 | ||
| Village | Bugoigo | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Walukuba | 6.08 | 1.27–26.10 | .02 | ||
| Piida | 5.03 | 1.02–24.97 | .048 | ||
| Bugoto | 7.86 | 1.73–35.71 | .008 | ||
| Bukoba | 12.07 | 2.56–56.90 | .002 | ||
| Lwanika | 1.74 | .30–10.18 | .54 | ||
| P. falciparum | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 7.39 | 1.95–28.03 | .003 | ||
| P. ovale spp. | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 4.16 | 1.27–13.57 | .02 | ||
| Hookworm | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 2.33 | .99–5.48 | .053 | ||
| Houshold owns ≥1 ITN | No | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Yes | 0.40 | .20–.78 | .007 | ||
| P. ovale spp. | Lake | Albert | 1.00 | … | … |
| Victoria | 5.24 | 1.28–21.49 | .02 | ||
| P. falciparum | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 6.55 | .87–49.10 | .07 | ||
| P. malariae | Negative | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Positive | 2.98 | 1.30–6.84 | .01 | ||
| Multispecies | Age, y | <2 | 1.00 | … | … |
| 2–4 | 4.64 | 2.28–9.46 | <.0001 | ||
| 4–6 | 8.04 | 3.55–18.22 | <.0001 | ||
| Village | Bugoigo | 1.00 | … | … | |
| Walukuba | 2.83 | .84–9.53 | .09 | ||
| Piida | 1.49 | .40–5.57 | .56 | ||
| Bugoto | 3.42 | 1.10–10.63 | .03 | ||
| Bukoba | 11.66 | 3.68–36.92 | <.0001 | ||
| Lwanika | 1.93 | .52–7.18 | .33 | ||
| Household owns | No | 1.00 | … | … | |
| ≥1 ITN | Yes | 0.46 | .26–.84 | .009 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ITN, insecticide-treated bednet; P. falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum; P. malariae, Plasmodium malariae; P. ovale, Plasmodium ovale.