TABLE 2.
Frequency of Each Feature in the 3 Subtypes of LEAT: Simple, Complex DNT and Diffuse Glioneuronal Tumor (GNT)
| Radiological Features | Simple DNT % (Number of Cases | Complex DNT % (Number of Cases | Diffuse GNT % (Number Of Cases | p Value # | Pathology Feature | Simple DNT % (Number of Cases | Complex DNT % (Number of Cases | Diffuse GNT % (Number of Cases | p Value # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion of the cortex | 50% (3/3) | 75% (6/8) | 8% (1/13) | 0.026* | Macroscopic cysts | 0% (0/6) | 25% (2/8) | 8% (1/13) | 0.4 |
| Multi-gyral involvement | 33% (2/6) | 75% (6/8) | 38% (5/13) | 0.023 | Microscopic cysts | 33% (2/6) | 75% (6/8) | 15% (2/13) | 0.06 |
| Cystic components | 50% (3/6) | 88% (7/8) | 62% (8/13) | 0.03* | Distinct nodules | 17% (1/6) | 100% (8/8) | 38% (5/13) | 0.005* |
| Calcification | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 46% (6/13) | 0.018 | Nodules within tumor | 17% (1/6) | 0% (0/8) | 70% (9/13) | 0.006 |
| Hemorrhage | 0% (0/6) | 13% (1/8) | 23% (3/13) | 0.42 | Glioneuronal element | 100% (6/6) | 100% (8/8) | 8% (1/13) | 0.000* |
| Mass effect | 33% (2/4) | 50% (4/8) | 15% (2/13) | 0.49 | Ventricle extension | 17% (1/6) | 25% (2/8) | 0% (0/13) | 0.3 |
| Bone remodeling | 0% (0/6) | 50% (4/8) | 0% (0/13) | 0.005 | Mucoid matrix | 67% (4/6) | 100% (8/8) | 0% (0/13) | 0.000 |
| Single well-defined lesion without abnormal signal around it | 50% (3/6) | 25% (2/8) | 0% (0/13) | 0.001* | Diffuse growth-predominant pattern | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 84% (11/13) | 0.000* |
| Multicystic | 0% (0/6) | 100% (8/8) | 36% (4/11) | 0.001 | Dysmorphic neurons absent | 100% (6/6) | 88% (7/8) | 38% (5/13) | 0.002 |
| “Bubbly” appearance | 33 (2/6) | 88% (7/8) | 8% (1/13) | 0.001* | Calcification | 0% (0/6) | 12% (1/8) | 38% (5/13) | 0.65 |
| Perilesional/subcortical white matter signal change | 0% (0/6) | 13% (1/8) | 100% (13) | 0.000* | Reticulin rich regions | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 15% (2/13) | 0.3 |
| Wedge shaped lesion | 17% (1/6) | 75% (6/8) | 8% (1/13) | 0.001 | Pigmentation (marked or focal) | 17% (1/6) | 75% (6/8) | 77% (10/13) | 0.033 |
| Focal high signal rim on FLAIR | 100% | 88% (7/8) | 62% (8/13) | 0.137 | White matter changes: | 0.017 | |||
| Marked rarefaction | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 30% (4/13) | ||||||
| Subtle myelin loss | 0% (0/6) | 25% (2/8) | 38% (5/13) | ||||||
| Focal cortical atrophy with prominent adjacent sulcus | 0% (0/6) | 12.% (1/8) | 92% (12/13) | 0.000* | Adjacent cortex layer I hypercellular | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 54% (7/13) | 0.02 |
| Enhancement | 0% (0/6) | 25% (2/6) | 46% (6/13) | 0.055 | Dyslamination beyond tumor infiltration zone | 0% (0/6) | 0% (0/8) | 0% (0/13) | 0.15 |
| Close contact with ventricle | 33% (2/6) | 75% (6/8) | 15% (2/13) | 0.026 | CD34 tumoral expression | 0% (0/6) | 25% (2/8) | 100% (13/13) | 0.000 |
*
These features were used as initial defining criteria to classify the cases. There were no statistically significant differences between simple and complex DNT. Significance is shown for each feature in discriminating between DNT and diffuse GNT subtypes (K–Wallis test); significant values shown in bold as p < 0.01. The presence of rosettes, eosinophilic granular bodies, Rosenthal fibers, necrosis, or mitotic activity was noted in 0–15% of cases, similar across all tumor groups and therefore not further analyzed.