Figure 2.

Senescence was successfully induced in rat mesenchymal cell clone 2G11 cells. (A) Quantification of mRNA levels of senescence markers in 2G11 cells treated with H₂O₂. Data are expressed as means±SE (n=3); *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. (B) Quantification of mRNA levels of SASP markers in 2G11 cells treated with H₂O₂. IL-6: interleukin-6; TGFβ₁: transforming growth factor β1; CCL2: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. Data are expressed as means±SE (n=3); *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. (C) SA-βGal staining in 2G11 cells treated with or without H₂O₂. Arrowhead: SA-βGal⁺ cell. Scale bar: 50 μm. (D) Quantification of SA-βGal⁺ cells. Data are expressed as means±SE (n=3). (E) Immunocytochemical analysis of γH2AX in 2G11 cells treated with or without H₂O₂. Arrowhead: γH2AX⁺ cell. Scale bar: 50 μm. (F) Quantification of γH2AX⁺ cells. Data are expressed as means±SE (n=3); ***P<0.001.