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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2018 Apr 6;61(6):1315–1324. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4599-x

Fig. 3 — Mendelian randomisation estimate of raised glycine and phenylalanine on type 2 diabetes. Effect of glycine- and phenylalanine-raising genetic variants on type 2 diabetes odds obtained from publicly available data from MAGNETIC Consortium (n=24,925) and GoT2D (n=44,414). Each white circle represents a known locus for glycine (a) or phenylalanine (b). The association of each variant with type 2 diabetes [base e logarithmic OR transformation, ln(odds)] is denoted on the y-axis (white circle and grey error bars around the white circles) while the association with glycine and phenylalanine is denoted on the x-axis. The black lines illustrate regression of glycine and phenylalanine on type 2 diabetes and the dashed grey lines show the 95% CI. The effect of the polygenic instrument comprising all five glycine-increasing variants reduced the odds of type 2 diabetes risk per 1 SD increase in metabolite concentration (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.80, 0.99]). Genetically driven phenylalanine increased odds of type 2 diabetes risk per 1 SD increase in metabolite concentration (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.08, 2.37]). T2D, type 2 diabetes

Fig. 3 — Mendelian randomisation estimate of raised glycine and phenylalanine on type 2 diabetes. Effect of glycine- and phenylalanine-raising genetic variants on type 2 diabetes odds obtained from publicly available data from MAGNETIC Consortium (n=24,925) and GoT2D (n=44,414). Each white circle represents a known locus for glycine (a) or phenylalanine (b). The association of each variant with type 2 diabetes [base e logarithmic OR transformation, ln(odds)] is denoted on the y-axis (white circle and grey error bars around the white circles) while the association with glycine and phenylalanine is denoted on the x-axis. The black lines illustrate regression of glycine and phenylalanine on type 2 diabetes and the dashed grey lines show the 95% CI. The effect of the polygenic instrument comprising all five glycine-increasing variants reduced the odds of type 2 diabetes risk per 1 SD increase in metabolite concentration (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.80, 0.99]). Genetically driven phenylalanine increased odds of type 2 diabetes risk per 1 SD increase in metabolite concentration (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.08, 2.37]). T2D, type 2 diabetes