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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2018 Jan 30;44(6):809–822. doi: 10.1177/0146167217748603

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for study variables for European Americans (left) and Japanese (right)

European Americans
Japanese
Cultural Differences
Variable N M SD N M SD Statistics P effect size
Demographic variables
 Age 976 58.36 11.69 382 55.47 14.04 F(1, 1356) = 14.98 < .001 ηp2= 01
 Gender (% female) 976 54.5% 382 56.0% X2(1) = .25 .614 V = .01
 Educational attainment 972 5.00 1.60 378 4.38 1.63 F(1, 1348) = 41.07 < .001 ηp2= 03
Psychological variables
 Neuroticism 973 2.02 0.62 381 2.13 0.58 F(1, 1352) = 9.53 .002 ηp2= 01
 Conscientiousness 973 3.40 0.45 381 2.65 0.55 F(1, 1352) = 658.52 < .001 ηp2= 33
 Behavioral adjustment 975 4.11 0.83 374 4.32 0.73 F(1, 1347) = 19.52 < .001 ηp2= 01
Health behaviors
 Alcohol consumption 974 3.15 5.34 379 7.24 11.75 F(1, 1351) = 99.26 < .001 ηp2= 07
 Smoking status (% yes) 976 382
  Never-smoker 559 57.3% 185 48.4% X2(1) = 8.67 .003 V = .08
  Former-smoker 318 32.6% 89 23.3% X2(1) = 11.27 .001 V = .09
  Current-smoker 99 10.1% 82 21.5% X2(1) = 30.47 < .001 V = .15
  Missing 0 0.0% 26 6.8% X2(1) = 67.63 < .001 V = .22
Health status
 Medication usage
  Antihypertensive (% yes) 976 35.0% 374 16.0% X2(1) = 46.67 < .001 V = .19
  Cholesterol (% yes) 976 29.9% 365 9.9% X2(1) = 57.83 < .001 V = .21
  Steroid (% yes) 976 4.0% 360 0.6% X2(1) = 10.46 .001 V = .09
 Body-mass-index (BMI) 975 1.46 0.08 382 1.35 0.06 F(1, 1355) = 512.61 < .001 ηp2 = .27
Biological health risk 962 0.29 0.85 382 −0.78 0.96 F(1, 1342) = 406.68 < .001 ηp2 = .23
 Interleukin-6 [IL-6] 968 0.32 0.32 382 0.04 0.36 F(1, 1348) = 195.14 < .001 ηp2 = .13
 C-reactive protein [CRP] 965 0.14 0.50 382 −0.45 0.42 F(1, 1345) = 419.48 < .001 ηp2 = .24
 Systolic blood pressure [SBP] 975 2.11 0.06 382 2.08 0.07 F(1, 1355) = 84.36 < .001 ηp2 = .06
 Total/HDL cholesterol 967 0.55 0.15 382 0.47 0.14 F(1, 1347) = 64.46 < .001 ηp2= 05
Subjective health 972 0.05 1.04 375 −0.13 0.86 F(1, 1345) = 8.99 .003 ηp2= 01
 General health 975 7.61 1.43 382 6.43 1.82 F(1, 1355) = 157.46 < .001 ηp2 = .10
 Chronic conditions 976 2.28 2.33 377 2.31 2.02 F(1, 1351) = .05 .822 ηp2 = .00
 Functional limitations 973 1.55 0.71 380 1.33 0.64 F(1, 1351) = 27.10 < .001 ηp2 = .02

Note. Alcohol consumption, IL-6, CRP, SBP, total cholesterol, and BMI are log-transformed data.