Table 1. Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors by gender and study.

	LASI **			CHARLS
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
N	1121	538	583	9834	4569	5265
Age, mean (standard deviation), years	57.2 (10.3)	57.8 (10.1)	56.8 (10.4)*	60.0 (9.9)	60.5 (9.6)+	59.6 (10.1)*+
Age categories, %
45 years – 59 years	61.2	60.0	62.5	53.0	53.0	55.3*+
60 years – 74 years	30.8	31.9	29.7	37.5	37.5+	35.1*+
75 years or over	8.0	8.1	7.8	9.5	9.5+	9.6+
% women	51.6			53.8
% living in rural area	74.7	76.2	73.2	65.2	66.3+	64.2*+
Education categories, %
Illiterate	47.4	40.7	53.6*	29.9	13.6+	43.7*+
Literate	11.4	11.7	11.1	19.0	21.1+	17.2*+
Primary school	13.2	14.3	12.3	22.2	27.5+	17.7*+
Junior high school or above	28.0	33.3	23.0*	28.9	37.8+	21.3*
Per capita expenditures in local Rupees or Yuans (median)	20752	20816	20751	6380	6408	6356
Per capita expenditures in US dollars (median)	457	458	456	861	865	858
Per capita expenditures in US dollars and adjusted for purchase power parities (median)	1386	1390	1385	1297	1316	1281
Waist circumference >102 cm for male or >88 cm for female	22.2	8.0	35.5*	22.9	4.7+	38.6*+
Body mass index >= 30 kg/m2	5.1	2.2	7.8*	4.7	2.9+	6.1*+
Hypertension
(a) Self-reports of doctor-diagnosis	17.3	15.2	19.2*	24.9	23.6+	26.0*+
(b) Taking medication	14.0	11.9	15.9*	19.4	18.2+	20.5*+
(c) Systolic >= 140 mmHg or diastolic >= 90 mmHg	42.8	42.0	43.6	31.7	30.5+	32.7+
(d) Total: (a) or (b) or (c)	50.1	47.5	52.5	41.8	40.4+	43.0*+
Among the total hypertensive (d) ++
% diagnosed and controlled	14.5	11.7	16.9*	24.3	24.7+	24.0+
% diagnosed and uncontrolled	19.8	20.0	19.6	35.1	33.5+	36.3*+
% undiagnosed	65.7	68.3	63.5	40.6	41.8+	39.7*+

^*p<0.05 for testing gender difference within study

⁺p<0.05 for testing country difference within same gender

^**LASI=Longitudinal Aging Study in India; CHARLS=China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

⁺⁺LASI: total N=580, male N=271, female N=309; CHARLS: total N=4064, male N=1828, female N=2236