Table 4. Gender-specific multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between sociodemographic characteristics and hypertension based on either self-report or objective examination, by study.
| Total hypertensive | LASI+ | CHARLS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Model 1** | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Age (reference: 45 – 59 years) | ||||||||
| 60 – 74 years | 2.78(1.78-4.33) | 2.44(1.51-3.97) | 2.75(1.75-4.32) | 2.33(1.44-3.79) | 2.09(1.78-2.45) | 2.40(2.03-2.83) | 2.04(1.73-2.40) | 2.30(1.94-2.71) |
| 75+ years | 4.49(1.64-12.30) | 2.10(1.03-4.26) | 4.40(1.58-12.23) | 1.85(0.89-3.83) | 3.18(2.36-4.30) | 4.92(3.60-6.71) | 2.91(2.14-3.96) | 4.10(2.95-5.70) |
| Rural residency (reference: urban) | 1.27(0.73-2.21) | 0.73(0.49-1.08) | 1.28(0.73-2.24) | 0.80(0.54-1.18) | 0.67(0.54-0.85) | 0.79(0.64-0.98) | 0.66(0.52-0.83) | 0.80(0.64-0.99) |
| Respondent education (reference: illiterate) | ||||||||
| Literate | 2.52(0.87-7.34) | 2.80(1.54-5.07) | 2.57(0.88-7.49) | 2.59(1.40-4.79) | 1.03(0.79-1.35) | 0.81(0.67-1.00) | 1.07(0.82-1.40) | 0.83(0.68-1.02) |
| Primary school | 2.34(1.10-4.97) | 1.66(0.91-3.01) | 2.46(1.07-5.66) | 1.49(0.83-2.71) | 1.19(0.92-1.55) | 0.77(0.62-0.97) | 1.24(0.95-1.61) | 0.80(0.64-1.01) |
| Junior high school+ | 2.18(1.11-4.31) | 2.43(1.37-4.31) | 2.50(1.07-5.83) | 2.28(1.21-4.30) | 1.02(0.78-1.33) | 0.66(0.52-0.85) | 1.07(0.82-1.40) | 0.66(0.52-0.85) |
| Spouse education (reference: illiterate) | ||||||||
| Literate | 0.95(0.38-2.40) | 1.63(0.74-3.62) | 0.89(0.71-1.10) | 0.80(0.60-1.06) | ||||
| Primary school | 0.83(0.39-1.80) | 2.02(1.10-3.72) | 1.07(0.85-1.35) | 0.67(0.51-0.89) | ||||
| Junior high school+ | 0.73(0.31-1.70) | 2.11(0.93-4.76) | 0.93(0.73-1.20) | 0.85(0.65-1.12) | ||||
| No spouse | 1.02(0.51-2.05) | 2.73(1.49-4.99) | 1.36(1.04-1.77) | 1.10(0.81-1.49) | ||||
| Per capita expenditures in US dollars and adjusted for purchase power parities (log scale) | 1.03(0.57-1.55) | 1.28(0.94-1.74) | 1.05(0.81-1.36) | 1.22(0.91-1.65) | 1.04(0.95-1.13) | 0.99(0.91-1.07) | 1.03(0.94-1.13) | 0.99(0.91-1.07) |
*
Data are presented as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). State dummy variables are included in LASI models and county dummy variables are included in the CHARLS model
+
LASI=Longitudinal Aging Study in India; CHARLS=China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
**
Model 1 included age, rural residency, respondent education attainment, and per capita expenditure. Model 2 included spousal education level, in addition to the variables in Model 1