Table 1.
Analysis of metabolic profile and renal function from 1st to 8th weeks of diabetes in rats
| Weeks | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | ||||
| Diabetes | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||||||
| Water intake (mL/24 h) | 35.6 ± 3.8 | 136.8 ± 18.0e | 36.6 ± 2.7 | 162.6 ± 21.1e | 36.6 ± 3.1 | 163.0 ± 19.4e | 40.4 ± 4.1 | 159.4 ± 18.2e |
| Food intake (mg/24 h) | 21.2 ± 1.2 | 31.2 ± 2.4e | 21.7 ± 1.0 | 31.6 ± 3.4e | 20.8 ± 1.0 | 34.4 ± 2.4e | 20.8 ± 0.9 | 31.4 ± 1.0e |
| Diuresis (mL/24 h) | 15.4 ± 1.2 | 106.2 ± 14.8e | 16.8 ± 1.4 | 128.6 ± 17.9e | 16.0 ± 1.3 | 132.0 ± 14.5e | 17.4 ± 3.1 | 120.9 ± 14.6e |
| Body weight (g) | 262.2 ± 10.1 | 247.6 ± 8.4 | 261.9 ± 14.5 | 230.7 ± 18.7 | 278.3 ± 12.3 | 194.8 ± 26.4e | 305.5 ± 11.0 | 248.3 ± 6.3e |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 102.2 ± 2.2 | 370.6 ± 46.9e | 100.6 ± 3.2 | 363.4 ± 53.4e | 101.6 ± 2.9 | 446.2 ± 30.0e | 103.2 ± 1.5 | 447.8 ± 32.9e |
| Renal function | ||||||||
| Plasmatic creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.05 ± 0.1 | 0.99 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.1 | 1.13 ± 0.1 | 0.86 ± 0.2 | 1.13 ± 0.1 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 1.14 ± 0.1 |
| Clearance of creatinine (mg/min) | 0.79 ± 0.1 | 1.13 ± 0.2 | 0.95 ± 0.2 | 1.05 ± 0.1 | 1.00 ± 0.2 | 1.00 ± 0.2 | 0.85 ± 0.3 | 1.25 ± 0.2 |
| Plasmatic urea (mg/dL) | 33.60 ± 1.3 | 46.50 ± 1.4e | 33.60 ± 1.5 | 47.10 ± 0.6e | 34.70 ± 1.4 | 53.70 ± 3.1e | 35.30 ± 0.7 | 55.40 ± 4.2e |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 20.97 ± 0.8 | 30.73 ± 3.9e | 22.79 ± 1.7 | 43.81 ± 5.4e | 22.17 ± 1.8 | 33.63 ± 4.2e | 23.08 ± 3.1 | 45.29 ± 4.3e |
| Weeks | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | ||||
| Diabetes | − | + | − | + | − | + | − | + |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||||||
| Water intake (mL/24 h) | 30.0 ± 1.9 | 154.4 ± 17.6e | 31.8 ± 0.7 | 156.6 ± 5.8e | 30.7 ± 0.4 | 160.0 ± 11.6e | 31.40 ± 1.1 | 175.8 ± 7.4e |
| Food intake (mg/24 h) | 17.3 ± 0.9 a | 27.9 ± 1.6e | 17.7 ± 0.3 a | 27.9 ± 1.1e | 17.1 ± 0.6 a | 33.72 ± 1.0e | 13.82 ± 0.5 d | 33.5 ± 0.3e |
| Diuresis (mL/24 h) | 16.3 ± 1.8 | 119.2 ± 6.2e | 14.7 ± 0.7 | 121.7 ± 8.1e | 14.8 ± 0.6 | 139.8 ± 8.1e | 13.80 ± 0.5 | 151.5 ± 12.5e |
| Body weight (g) | 353.6 ± 10.5 a | 169.8 ± 17.2be | 347.7 ± 7.2 a | 198.5 ± 17.1e | 361.5 ± 10.6 a | 203.8 ± 10.5e | 414.3 ± 9.2 d | 168.6 ± 11.1be |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 102.8 ± 2.3 | 492.6 ± 44.3e | 102.4 ± 2.4 | 555.4 ± 20.2ce | 106.4 ± 3.4 | 552.2 ± 13.5 ce | 96.40 ± 1.6 | 594.8 ± 6.2ae |
| Renal function | ||||||||
| Plasmatic creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 ± 0.1 | 1.21 ± 0.1 | 0.89 ± 0.1 | 1.27 ± 0.1e | 0.78 ± 0.2 | 1.44 ± 0.1e | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.55 ± 0.1e |
| Clearance of creatinine (mg/min) | 1.11 ± 0.1 | 0.72 ± 0.1e | 1.01 ± 0.1 | 0.73 ± 0.08e | 1.06 ± 0.1 | 0.63 ± 0.05e | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.07e |
| Plasmatic urea (mg/dL) | 29.10 ± 0.7 | 51.40 ± 2.0e | 30.80 ± 1.9 | 48.20 ± 3.9e | 27.40 ± 1.4 | 54.90 ± 3.9e | 30.80 ± 0.9 | 58.20 ± 2.4e |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 20.94 ± 1.8 | 43.91 ± 12.5e | 19.27 ± 2.8 | 32.27 ± 3.2e | 21.28 ± 2.3 | 40.00 ± 2.8e | 20.29 ± 2.9 | 47.75 ± 5.7e |
Values expressed as mean ± SEM. ANOVA of repeated measures with Newman-Keuls post test, n = 6 for both groups, significant when p < 0.05: (a) vs 1st to 4th weeks of the same group, (b) vs 1st week of the same group, (c) vs 1st and 2nd weeks of the same group, and (d) vs all previous of the same group. Unpaired Student’s t test, significant when p < 0.05: (e) vs control of same week