Table 1.

Overview of the fetoscopic instruments used for FETO and UNPLUG

Fetal tracheoscopy	Description	ID
1.3 mm endoscope	Miniature telescope, with remote eyepiece 0° straight forward, 30.6 cm working length	11540AA
3.3 mm sheath	Blunt curved sheath, with sand-blasted echogenic tip with stop cock for irrigation and two side openings	11540KE
1.0 mm forceps	Retrieval forceps, double action jaws, 35 cm long	11510C
0.4 mm stylet	Single use puncture stylet with adjustable torque, 50 cm long	11506P
0.9 mm needle	Puncture needle to protect the catheter or for aspiration, length 35 cm, can house the stylet	11540KD
3.3 mm trocar	10 Fr pyramidal tipped trocar for use with flexible cannula RCF-10.0 (Cook, Check Flo Performer)	11650TG
0.6 mL balloon	Goldbal 2 detachable latex balloon with radio-opaque inclusion, outer diameter 1.5 mm (inflated: 7.0 mm); length 5.0 mm (inflated 20.0 mm)	Goldbal 2 (Balt)
0.9 mm microcatheter	catheter loaded with mandrel, and Touhy Boost Y-connection, max outer diameter 0.9 mm, tapered to 0.4 mm, 100 cm in length	“Baltacci” e BDPE 100 (Balt)
Direct bronchoscopy 1.3 mm endoscope	Miniature telescope, with remote eyepiece 0° straight forward, 18.8 cm working length	10040AA
Straight bronchoscopic sheath	4.2 mm outer, 3.5 mm inner diameter 18.5 cm length (size 2.5), is conventional neonatal “Doesel-Huzly” bronchoscope, with blanking and suction plug	10339F 10924SP 10315RV
Telescope bridge	Houses telescope and has side opening for irrigation 1.5 mm outer diameter	10338LCI
1.0 mm forceps	19 cm semi-flexible forceps for balloon retrieval	10338H
0.4 mm stylet	Single use puncture stylet with adjustable torque, 50 cm long	11506P

Endoscopic instruments were developed by Karl Storz Endoskope, supported by the European Commission in the 6th framework program. The balloon system is an adapted version of a commercially available vascular occlusion device. Most instruments and devices are used off label