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. 2018 Mar 23;16(3):289–302. doi: 10.1007/s40258-018-0386-6
Different corruption typologies look at corruption from varying angles and thus help to understand the complexity of corruption and develop appropriate remedies
Many corrupt activities show elements of both individual and institutional corruption, thus remedies to combat corruption require adequate anti-corruption laws and the monitoring and, if applicable, the revision of institutional settings
Institutional corruption, i.e. the deviation from a standard of conduct, is hard to detect because there is no universally valid baseline as is the law for individual corruption