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. 2018 May 8;8:7139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25461-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MCF7-derived ducts respond to ER ligands in a dose-dependent manner, and fibroblasts regulate ER transactivation. ER transactivation was evaluated after cultures were exposed to 5 doses of (A) E2 and (B) DES for 24 hours. EC50s were generated using nonlinear regression. (C) ER transactivation in monoculture and co-culture with fibroblasts was evaluated after 48 hours of exposure to a vehicle or 100 nM E2. Luminescent signal was normalized to the total number of nuclei to account for differences in cell number. A two-way ANOVA was run to evaluate interactions between conditions, followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparisons test to identify significant differences. *= vs. respective vehicle (p < 0.05) and ‡= vs. respective monoculture (p < 0.05). Graphs represent data from three independent experiments.