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. 2018 May 8;8:7240. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25675-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Device Performance. (a) RCP and LCP images taken of the 1951 USAF resolution test chart with the chiral meta-lens for RCP and LCP illumination at 500 nm. Scale bar: 180. In group 4 the bars have a spacing and width ranging from 31.25 to 17.54, in group 5 from 15.63 to 8.77. (b) Focusing efficiency for RCP (I_RCP), LCP (I_LCP) and transmission efficiency (I_trans) at different quarter wave plate (QWP) angles for 500 nm illumination. The transmission efficiency through the chiral meta-lens is about 80% from which LCP and RCP have a combined focusing efficiency of 70%. Most of the remaining light couples to the 0th order while higher orders can be neglected. The data for LCP and RCP focusing efficiency is fitted with: $I_{RCP} = 0.3377 \sin (- 0.0359 θ - 0.0065) + 0.3509$ and $I_{LCP} = 0.3451 \sin (- 0.0334 θ + 3.1328) + 0.3463$ , here θ is the QWP angle in degrees.