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. 2018 May 8;8:7101. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24147-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced response of proximal gastric circular muscle strips after serial administration of atropine, MRS2500, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and tetrodotoxin (TTX). (a) Atropine decreased the peak and MRS2500 increased the peak in the control subjects. (b) Atropine decreased the peak in diabetic patients. (c) Atropine increased the nadir and L-NNA abolished relaxation in the control subjects. (d) Also in the diabetic patients, L-NNA decreased the nadir with marginal statistical significance (p = 0.080). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the effects of each drug by compare values to the previous one.