Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with bacteraemic pneumonia caused by biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii.
| Characteristics | Biofilm-forming (n = 71) | Non-biofilm-forming (n = 202) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 76 (59–82) | 75 (59–82) | 0.551 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 55 (77.5) | 151 (74.8) | 0.648 |
| Acquired in the ICU, no. (%) | 32 (45.1) | 105 (52.0) | 0.317 |
| Length of hospitalization before bacteraemia, median (IQR), days | 22 (12–41) | 19 (8.75–42) | 0.572 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 25 (16–33) | 26 (21–34) | 0.326 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3.75 (2–5) | 3.67 (2–5) | 0.817 |
| Comorbid conditions, no. (%) | |||
| Alcoholism | 7 (9.9) | 9 (4.5) | 0.095 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13 (18.3) | 33 (16.3) | 0.702 |
| Coronary artery disease | 15 (21.1) | 33 (16.3) | 0.362 |
| Congestive heart failure | 11 (15.5) | 36 (17.8) | 0.655 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 15 (21.1) | 44 (21.8) | 0.908 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 22 (31.0) | 70 (34.7) | 0.574 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 26 (36.6) | 66 (32.7) | 0.545 |
| Hypertension | 36 (50.7) | 85 (42.1) | 0.208 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 8 (11.3) | 15 (7.4) | 0.316 |
| Collagen vascular disease | 6 (8.5) | 8 (4.0) | 0.140 |
| Malignancy | 19 (26.8) | 57 (28.2) | 0.814 |
| Neutropenia | 5 (7.0) | 9 (4.5) | 0.367 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 17 (23.9) | 49 (24.3) | 0.958 |
| Recent surgery | 13 (18.3) | 54 (26.7) | 0.156 |
| Trauma | 1 (1.4) | 7 (3.5) | 0.685 |
| Septic shock | 25 (35.2) | 79 (39.1) | 0.561 |
| Invasive procedures, no. (%) | |||
| Arterial catheterization | 21 (29.6) | 74 (36.6) | 0.283 |
| Central venous catheter | 40 (56.3) | 129 (63.9) | 0.261 |
| Hemodialysis | 13 (18.3) | 26 (12.9) | 0.260 |
| Nasogastric tube | 21 (29.6) | 84 (41.6) | 0.089 |
| Tracheostomy | 12 (16.9) | 29 (14.4) | 0.606 |
| Thoracic drain | 5 (7.0) | 14 (6.9) | 0.975 |
| Abdominal drainage | 3 (4.2) | 14 (6.9) | 0.599 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 33 (46.5) | 77 (38.1) | 0.217 |
| Previous ICU admission, no. (%) | 44 (62.0) | 145 (71.8) | 0.123 |
| Previous antibiotic exposure, no. (%) | |||
| All | 51 (71.8) | 151 (74.8) | 0.629 |
| All beta-lactam | 44 (62.0) | 128 (63.4) | 0.834 |
| Aminoglycoside | 10 (14.1) | 25 (12.4) | 0.711 |
| Penicillin | 7 (9.9) | 12 (5.9) | 0.264 |
| Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor | 9 (12.7) | 38 (18.8) | 0.239 |
| Cephalosporin | 15 (21.1) | 40 (19.8) | 0.811 |
| Anti-pseudomonas cephalosporin | 23 (32.4) | 50 (24.8) | 0.211 |
| Anti-pseudomonas carbapenem | 14 (19.7) | 53 (26.2) | 0.272 |
| Sulbactam | 1 (1.4) | 15 (7.4) | 0.078 |
| Fluoroquinolone | 16 (22.5) | 47 (23.3) | 0.900 |
| Tigecycline | 8 (11.3) | 15 (7.4) | 0.316 |
| Colistin | 5 (7.0) | 8 (4.0) | 0.333 |
| Macrolide | 5 (7.0) | 9 (4.5) | 0.367 |
| Clindamycin | 1 (1.4) | 13 (6.4) | 0.124 |
| Vancomycin | 6 (8.5) | 21 (10.4) | 0.637 |
| Teicoplanin | 20 (28.2) | 51 (25.2) | 0.629 |
| Appropriate antimicrobial therapy, no. (%) | 19 (26.8) | 57 (28.2) | 0.814 |
| Outcome | |||
| 14-day mortality | 26 (36.6) | 93 (46.0) | 0.169 |
| 28-day mortality | 31 (43.7) | 112 (55.4) | 0.087 |
| Recurrent bacteraemia | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | 1.000 |
*APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range.