Table 1.
Characteristics of Cohort
| Parameter | VPI Surgery n=32 |
Other Treatmenta n=7 |
No Treatment n=18 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child's Age; years | 6.3 (3.7) | 6.7 (4.6) | 7.6 (4.3) |
| Child's Sex; n (%) Female | 19, 58% | 4, 57% | 9, 50% |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | 4, 13% | 0, 0% | 2, 11% |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 24, 75% | 7, 100% | 11, 65% |
| Asian | 6, 19% | 0, 0% | 3, 18% |
| American Indian | 1, 3% | 0, 0% | 0, 0% |
| African American | 0, 0% | 0, 0% | 1, 6% |
| Other | 1, 3% | 0, 0% | 2, 12% |
| Other characteristics | |||
| Cleft Lip & Palate | 13, 39% | 1, 17% | 7, 39% |
| Cleft Palate Alone | 7, 21% | 2, 33% | 2, 11% |
| No Cleft | 13, 39% | 3, 50% | 9, 50% |
| Child with Syndrome | 13, 39% | 4, 67% | 5, 29% |
| In Special Education | 19, 66% | 4, 57% | 6, 40% |
| VPI Severity | |||
| None | 0, 0%b, c | 0, 0%c | 0, 0%c |
| Minimal | 1, 3%b | 2, 29% | 6, 33% |
| Mild | 11, 35%b | 3, 43% | 5, 28% |
| Moderate | 12, 35%b | 0, 0% | 4, 22% |
| Severe | 8, 26%b | 2, 29% | 3, 17% |
| Misarticulation | |||
| None | 16, 48% | 4, 57% | 12, 67% |
| Minimal | 6, 18% | 0, 0% | 2, 11% |
| Mild | 7, 21% | 0, 0% | 1, 6% |
| Moderate | 2, 6% | 2, 29% | 2, 11% |
| Severe | 2, 6% | 1, 14% | 1, 6% |
| VELO-P Total | 56 (14) | 45 (22) | 54 (15) |
| VELO-Y Total | 69 (14) | 26 (0)b | 57 (11) |
| Follow up | 22, 68% | 4, 57% | 11, 61% |
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI); VPI Effects on Life Outcomes-Parent(VELO-P) and Youth (VELO-Y).
Data presented as mean (SD) and n, %
a
Includes Obturation (n=5) and Fistula repair (n=2),
b
t-test versus No Treatment p-value less than 0.05, remainder of p-values greater than 0.05; VPI severity and misarticulation tested with Wilcoxon rank sum-test.
c
Inclusion in the cohort required presence of at least minimal VPI.