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. 2016 Mar 18;2(2):105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.03.002

Table 5.

Effects of infusion of milk precursors into external pudic artery on rumen NH3–N concentration in lactating dairy cows (mg/dL).

Treatments Experimental group Control group SEM P-value
CSC 9.22 8.32 1.11 0.48
CSF 10.46 7.81 1.10 0.03
CSA 6.74 8.37 1.13 0.21
CSFA 8.78 5.26 1.20 0.02

SEM = standard errors of the mean; CSC = carrier infusion; CSF = milk fat precursor infusion; CSA = milk protein precursor infusion; CSFA = the mixed infusion of milk fat and protein precursors.