Table 1.

Effects of spermine on MDA content and on ASA and AHR capacities of rat liver.¹

Item	Spermine, μmol/g BW	Diquat, mg/kg BW	MDA, nmol/mg protein	ASA, U/g protein	AHR, U/mg protein
Group 1	0	0	10.31 ± 0.31	169.01 ± 4.17a	266 ± 20.1b
Group 2	0	12	11.48 ± 0.17	130.21 ± 1.26c	262 ± 17.9b
Group 3	0.4	0	7.93 ± 0.22	173.81 ± 3.40a	373 ± 7.77a
Group 4	0.4	12	8.67 ± 0.24	150.56 ± 3.62b	265 ± 14.7b
Main effects
Spermine	0		10.89 ± 0.17a	149.61 ± 2.33	264 ± 11.3
	0.4		8.30 ± 0.17b	162.19 ± 2.33	319 ± 11.8
Diquat		0	9.12 ± 0.17b	171.41 ± 2.33	319 ± 11.8
		12	10.08 ± 0.17a	140.39 ± 2.33	263 ± 11.3
P-value
Spermine			0.000	0.001	0.003
Diquat			0.001	0.000	0.002
Spermine × diquat			0.385	0.027	0.004

MDA = malondialdehyde; ASA = anti-superoxide anion; AHR = anti-hydroxyl radical.

^a–cWithin a column, means with different superscript letters significantly differ (P < 0.05) for comparison between groups (Group 1 = control, Group 2 = diquat, Group 3 = spermine, Group 4 = spermine + diquat), between 2 doses of spermine (0 and 0.4 μmol/g BW, main effects), and between 2 doses of diquat injection (0 and 12 mg/kg BW, main effects) for one of all parameters (MDA, ASA, AHR), respectively.

¹Data are expressed as means ± SEM.