Table 1.
The incidence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune diseases in the subjects who received high-dose external irradiation
| Authors [ref.] | Radiation doses [median, (range) Gy] |
# pts | Diagnosis | Ages at diagnosis or initial treatment [median, (range)] |
Hypo-thyroidism [%, (#)] |
Hyper-thyroidism [%, (#)] |
Thyroiditis [%, (#)] |
Silent thyroiditis [%, (#)] |
Latent periods (median (range) years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fleming [2] | (18–60) | 298 | HD, ALL, etc | (1.5–20) | 8.7 (26) | 0.3 (1) | 0.7 (2) | – | hypo; 7 (1–16) |
| thyroiditis; (1–7) | |||||||||
| Hancock [3] | (15–44) | 1677 | HD | 28 (2–82) | 31 (512) | 1.9 (32) | 0.2 (4) | 0.4 (6) | hypo; 4 (0.2–23.7) |
| hyper; 4.9 (0.1–17.6) | |||||||||
| silent thyroiditis; (0.8–15) | |||||||||
| Sklar [4] | 35 (0.37–55) | 1791 | HD | 14 (2–20) | 25 (456) | 4.6 (82) | – | – | hypo; 7 (0–27) |
| hyper: 8 (0–22) | |||||||||
| Khoo [5] | 39.8 (32–65) | 320 | HD | 30 (7–79) | 35 (112) | 4 (13) | – | – | 9 (1–23)a |
| Schmiegelow [6] | 51 (31–57) | 71 | brain tumors | 8.4 (0.8–14.9) | 24 (17) | 0 (0) | – | – | 12 (2–28) |
| Chow [7] | (<15–30) | 2358 | ALL | 4 (0–20) | 2.4 (56) | 1.0 (23) | – | – | (15) |
| Thomas [8] | (10–13.5) | 186 | ALL, AML, etc | (>15) | 6.5 (12) | 1.5 (1) | 3 (6) | – | hypo; 2.5 (1–8) |
| thyroiditis; 1 (0.25–2) | |||||||||
| Graves; (1) |
afollow-up periods.