Table 3.

The results of studies on thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in atomic bomb survivors

Authors [ref.]	Radiation dose or distance from the hypocenter	# subjects	Interval between time of exposure and study (years)	Results in the exposed subjects
Morimoto [17]	>0.1 Gy	477	~30	no increase in the incidence of chronic thyroiditis or hypothyroidism
Ito [18]	<1.5 km	6112	39	higher incidence of hypothyroidism but lower prevalence of anti-microsomal antibodies
Nagasaki [19]	0–>1.0 Gy	2587	39–42	a significant relationship between thyroid radiation dose and antibody+ hypothyroidism showing a concave dose response reaching a maximum levels of 0.7 Sv
Fujiwara [20]	0–5.6 Gy	2061	42–44	no increase in anti-thyroid antibodies
Imaizumi [21]	<0.005–>1.0 Gy	4091	55–58	no relationship between thyroid radiation dose and any thyroid dysfunction/autoimmunity
Imaizumi [22]	median 0.182 (range, 0–4.04) Gy	2668	62–66	no relationship between thyroid radiation dose and any thyroid dysfunction/autoimmunity
Yoshimoto [23]	0–>0.5 Gy	3821 autopsy cases	6–40	no increase in the incidence of chronic thyroiditis
Imaizumi [24]	median 0.256 (range, 0.022–1.789) Gy	319 exposed in utero	55–58	no relationship between thyroid radiation dose and autoimmune thyroid diseases