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Water radiolysis by the indirect effects of low-LET IRs (γ-rays and X-rays). Absorption of high-energy γ-ray and X-ray photons induces excitation and ionization of water molecules, leading to the production of free radicals and free electrons. These free radicals and electrons can also react with other water and oxygen molecules and generate the highly reactive secondary free radicals, such as the superoxide anion radical (O2*−).
