Table 5.
Expenditure on maternity, catastrophic headcounts, odds ratios by background characteristics of women, Rural Varanasi, 2013-14 (n=396).
| Background characteristics | Mean TMHCE | At 10% of annual consumption expenditure; % catastrophic expenditure | At 40% of annual consumption expenditure; % catastrophic expenditure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JSY | JSY Non JSY | Unadjusted | Adjusted° | OR | Unadjusted | Adjusted° | OR | |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Hindu# | 4825 | 24668 | 50.9 | 51.2 | 1.000 | 61.6 | 40.8 | 1.000 |
| Muslim | 3555 | 17202 | 38.2 | 34.6 | 0.579 | 50.0 | 36.2 | 0.699 |
| Caste | ||||||||
| Other# | 5787 | 21851 | 44.4 | 37.8 | 1.000 | 48.9 | 23.3 | 1.000 |
| OBC | 4486 | 24501 | 48.8 | 23.4 | 1.165 | 60.5 | 43.7 | 1.813 |
| SC | 3473 | 20801 | 51.4 | 21.4 | 1.818 | 62.9 | 59.0 | 1.177 |
| Age of mother (in years) | ||||||||
| 15-24# | 4390 | 24375 | 49.8 | 23.1 | 1.000 | 59.3 | 40.3 | 1.000 |
| 25 and above | 4810 | 22615 | 47.4 | 28.4 | 0.864 | 60.0 | 41.4 | 1.036 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| 1 | 4536 | 21779 | 51.4 | 45.0 | 0.928 | 59.5 | 54.9 | 0.483 |
| 2 to 3# | 4432 | 20709 | 46.5 | 25.4 | 1.000 | 58.8 | 35.9 | 1.000 |
| 4 to 7 | 5718 | 28540 | 54.8 | 22.9 | 1.284 | 61.3 | 36.3 | 1.253 |
| Education of woman | ||||||||
| Illiterate or below primary school# | 4826 | 25775 | 45.4 | 31.5 | 1.000 | 64.4 | 54.7 | 1.000 |
| High school | 4322 | 22494 | 57.1 | 22.2 | 1.153 | 59.5 | 12.2 | 0.467** |
| Above high school | 4225 | 25775 | 48.3 | 15.9 | 1.418 | 51.7 | 23.5 | 0.559* |
| Work status of woman | ||||||||
| Working# | 6665 | 25775 | 66.7 | 48.7 | 1.000 | 77.5 | 62.6 | 1.000 |
| Non-working | 3450 | 22494 | 39.1 | 13.1 | 0.209*** | 50.0 | 12.7 | 0.221*** |
| Occupation of husband | ||||||||
| Casual Labour# | 6659 | 20658 | 54.9 | 37.5 | 1.000 | 68.0 | 45.2 | 1.000 |
| Agriculture | 5397 | 23035 | 64.9 | 47.4 | 1.115** | 70.3 | 51.2 | 0.789 |
| Business | 4132 | 23676 | 40.8 | 18.3 | 0.753 | 51.5 | 46.3 | 0.676 |
| Regular salary | 2893 | 26215 | 41.7 | 7.1 | 0.486** | 51.5 | 31.6 | 0.528* |
| Expenditure quintiles | ||||||||
| Poorest# | 5135 | 18626 | 62.8 | 41.5 | 1.000 | 76.9 | 53.2 | 1.000 |
| Poor | 5056 | 23401 | 57.5 | 31.7 | 0.518 | 65.0 | 25.2 | 0.622** |
| Middle | 4380 | 27594 | 45 | 25.5 | 0.487* | 56.3 | 35.0 | 0.449* |
| Rich | 3803 | 26201 | 46.3 | 16.3 | 0.412** | 56.3 | 29.6 | 0.461 |
| Richest | 3980 | 22153 | 32.1 | 14.9 | 0.137*** | 43.6 | 39.9 | 0.211*** |
| JSY benefit received | ||||||||
| Yes# | 25.6 | 24.6 | 1.000 | 40.8 | 41.2 | 1.000 | ||
| No | 78.6 | 79.6 | 18.53*** | 83.8 | 83.5 | 13.37*** | ||
One US$ was approximately equal to Rs60 in 2014. For JSY beneficiaries, the expenditures were obtained after deducting incentive: JSY incentive amount (Rs.1400) from the total maternal health care expenditure. OR, odds ratio; °adjusted in a manner similar to a Multiple Classification Analysis, from the predicted values obtained from the logit regression, holding all other explanatory variables at average (that is, population distribution).
#Reference category.
***P≤0.001
**P≤0.05
*P≤0.01.