Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) mRNA level is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and SIRT1 activation attenuates experimental PF. Relative PBMC mRNA level of SIRT1 in (A) patients with SSc with PF versus those without PF, (B) patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) versus patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), (C) patients with SSc with anti-DNA topoisomerase I (ATA) versus those without ATA, and (D) patients with SSc with anticentromeric proteins (ACA) versus those without ACA. (E) Effect of resveratrol (Res) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Magnification, ×400. Scale bars: 50 μm. (F) Lung collagen content determined by Sircol assay. (G) Lung collagen mRNA levels. (H) Lung levels of connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA were measured by real-time PCR and normalized to Gapdh. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. (F–H) Mean (±SEM); n = 6 mice per group. H&E = hematoxylin and eosin.