Table 1.

Predicted hypotheses for rates of molecular evolution in Bambusicola and Gallus

	Hypothesis	Mean dN/dS	dN/dS > 1	Heterozygosity
Demography (assuming no selection)	Higher Ne in Gallus	Lower in Gallus	Higher in Gallus	Higher in Gallus
	Lower Ne in Gallus	Higher in Gallus	Lower in Gallus	Lower in Gallus
Selection (assuming equal Ne)	Directional selection on Gallus	Higher in Gallus	Elevated for a proportion of genes in Gallus	Equal between species
	Sexual Selection on Gallus	Higher in Gallus	Elevated for a proportion of genes in Gallus	Lower in Gallus (due to reduced male population size)

Predicted patterns of molecular evolution and heterozygosity for Gallus compared to Bambusicola are given for both demographic and selection-based hypotheses of genome evolution. The mean dN/dS refers to results for gene-wide differences in molecular evolution from branch tests while dN/dS > 1 is determined by results from branch-site tests