Table 1.
Summary of targeted temperature management studies
| Article | Design | Patient | Intervention or exposure | Comparison | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muroi C 2008 [39] | Single-center, prospective cohort study | SAH patients with a ventricular catheter for cerebrospinal fluid drainage | (1) 33 °C with an endovascular cooling device (2) Barbiturate coma N = 7 |
No detail described N = 8 |
There was no significant difference in neurological outcome (GOS > 3) at 1 year (42.9 vs. 50.0%). |
| Anei R 2010 [40] | Single-center Before–after study |
Poor-grade SAH patients (WFNS scale > 3) | (1) Induction within 24 h after the hemorrhage (2) 34 °C for 48 h with an cooling blanket (3) Rewarming at the rate of 1 °C/24 h N = 16 |
No detail described N = 19 |
There was no significant difference in neurological outcome at 3 months. |
| Badjatia N 2010 [41] | Matched controlled analysis from single-center, prospective cohort | SAH patients with antipyretic-resistant fever | 37 °C for 14 days with a surface cooling device N = 40 |
Oral acetaminophen with or without use of a water-circulating blanket N = 80 |
In multivariate analysis, TTM was associated with better neurological outcome at 12 months (79 vs. 54%). |
| Kuramatsu JB 2015 [42] | Matched controlled analysis from single-center, prospective cohort | Poor-grade SAH patients (Hunt and Hess grade > 3 and WFNS scale > 3) | (1) Induction within 48 h after the hemorrhage (2) 35 °C for 7 days with an endovascular cooling device (3) Rewarming at the rate of 0.5 °C/24 h N = 12 |
Intravenous paracetamol N = 24 |
Patients in TTM groups had a significantly lower incidence of DCI (50.0 vs. 84.5%) and a tendency to have better functional outcome (mRS < 3) at 6 months (66.7 vs. 33.3%). |
| Choi W 2017 [43] | Single-center, randomized control trial | Poor-grade SAH patients (Hunt and Hess grade > 3 and modified Fisher scale > 2) | (1) Induction as soon as possible after ruptured aneurysmal treatment (2) 34.5 °C for 48 h with an endovascular cooling device or a surface cooling device (3) rewarming at the rate of 1 °C/24 h to 36.5 °C N = 11 |
No detail described N = 11 |
There were no significant differences in the incidences of DCI (36.3 vs. 45.6%) and favorable neurological outcome (mRS < 3) at 3 months between two groups (27.3 vs. 9.1%). |
SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, TTM targeted temperature management, WFNS World Federation of Neurosurgical Society, DCI delayed cerebral ischemia, mRS modified Ranking scale score, GOS Glasgow outcome scale