Table 8.

Risk of bias assessment in randomized controlled trials.

	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias	Jadad et al. score [72]
Fujita et al. 2011	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	?	<3
Hüppe et al. 2009	✕	?	✓	✓	✓	✕	?	<3
Kanji et al. 2015	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	4
Kihara et al. 2004	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	?	?	<3
Kunbootsri et al. 2013	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	?	<3
Kuwahata et al. 2011	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	?	<3
Masuda et al. 2004	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	✕	<3
Masuda et al. 2005 -pain	✓	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	✕	<3
Masuda et al. 2005 -depression	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	✕	<3
Miyata et al. 2008	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	?	<3
Pach et al. 2010	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	✓	?	5
Shinsato et al. 2010	✕	?	✕	✕	✓	✓	?	<3
Tei et al. 2016	✓	?	✕	✓	✓	✓	?	3

✓: low risk of bias; ✕: high risk of bias; ?: unclear risk of bias.