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. 2018 May 2;9:411. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00411

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Artocarpin decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis in U87 or U118 cells by caspase activation and PARP cleavage. (A) Cells were treated with various concentrations of artocarpin for the indicated time intervals. Cell viability was assayed with MTT. (B) Cells were pretreated with Z-VAD-FMK (25 μM) for 1 h then incubated with artocarpin for 24 h. Cell viability was assayed with MTT. (C) Cells were treated with artocarpin (10 μM) for 16- or 24 h. Cleaved caspase-3, -7, -9 and PARP protein expression levels were determined by western blot. (D) Cells were treated with various artocarpin concentrations for 24 h. Caspase activity was analyzed with caspase-3, -7, and -9 colorimetric assay kits. (E) Rat brain cortex astrocytes and mouse microglial cells were treated with various artocarpin concentrations for the indicated times. Cell viability was assayed with MTT. Data are expressed as means ± SE of three independent experiments. #P < 0.01 compared with cells exposed to vehicle (A,D). #P < 0.01 compared with cells exposed to artocarpin alone (B).