Table 2.

Independent predictors of improvement in HOMA score, systolic BP, weight, VEGF and EGF

Biological variable (target reduction)	All study participants (n=141)
Covariate	OR	95% CI	P values
HOMA score (reduction ≥20%)
Abstinence	3.48	1.60 to 7.53	0.002
Exercise+diet SLIQ score	0.87	0.43 to 1.77	0.694
Systolic BP (reduction ≥5%)
Abstinence	6.47	2.71 to 15.46	<0.001
Exercise+diet SLIQ score	1.47	0.70 to 3.08	0.310
Weight (reduction ≥2%)
Abstinence	15.63	3.54 to 68.95	<0.001
Exercise+diet SLIQ score	0.74	0.323 to 1.69	0.475
VEGF (reduction ≥20%)
Abstinence	4.35	1.93 to 9.81	<0.001
Exercise+diet SLIQ score	2.17	0.97 to 4.86	0.59
EGF (reduction≥20%)
Abstinence	48.81	15.26 to 156.06	<0.001
Exercise+diet SLIQ score	2.52	0.80 to 7.95	0.115

Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

SLIQ, Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire; EGF, epidermal growth factor; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.