Table 1.
Sample Demographics and Description for Overall Sample, Nonsmokers, and Daily Smokers
| Overall sample (N = 29 971) | Nonsmokersa (N = 22 529) | Daily smokersb (N = 7442) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD) | 45.37 (16.91) | 46.47 (17.48) | 42.03 (14.55) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 44.6% | 41.3% | 54.5% |
| Female | 55.4% | 58.7% | 45.5% |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 14.4% | 12.8% | 19.1% |
| High school | 29.1% | 26.6% | 36.5% |
| Some college + | 56.6% | 60.6% | 44.4% |
| Race | |||
| White | 72.3% | 70.4% | 78.2% |
| African American | 10.9% | 11.3% | 9.7% |
| Native American | 2.1% | 1.7% | 3.4% |
| Asian | 4.1% | 4.8% | 2.0% |
| Hispanic | 10.5% | 11.8% | 6.7% |
| Mood disorder past year | 8.9% | 7.2% | 14.0% |
| Manic episode past year | 3.2% | 2.4% | 5.6% |
| Anxiety disorder past year | 12.1% | 10.5% | 16.7% |
| Alcohol dependence past year | 3.2% | 1.7% | 7.9% |
| Substance dependence past year | 0.6% | 0.1% | 1.8% |
| Self-directed violence (between waves)c | 0.6% | 0.4% | 1.2% |
| Victimization (between waves)d | 2.3% | 1.6% | 4.2% |
| Other-directed violence (between waves)e | 2.4% | 1.4% | 5.2% |
Demographic measures, psychiatric and substance use diagnoses, and violence outcomes all differed significantly (P < .05) between daily smokers and nonsmokers.
aNonsmokers included former daily smokers (no smoking within 12 months of Wave 1) and never-smokers.
bDaily smokers reported smoking daily in the past 12 months prior to Wave 1.
cSelf-directed violence refers to suicide attempts.
dVictimization includes having been threatened, physically attacked, raped, or mugged.
eOther-directed violence includes threatening, physical violence against others including sexual violence, committing robbery or mugging, and using weaponry against others