Table 2.

Risk-of-bias assessment for the included trials

	Risk of bias				Applicability concerns
Study	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard
Ansell et al . (2010) (17)	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
Dommett et al . (2013) (18,19)	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
Hamilton and Kernick (2007) (20)	−	+	+	+	?	+	+
Kernick et al . (2008) (16)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Kernick et al . (2009) (21)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+

‘+’ denotes low risk of bias/concerns about applicability; ‘?’ denotes unclear risk of bias/concerns about applicability; ‘−’ denotes high risk of bias/concerns about applicability.